a)

$4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3$

b) $n_{Al} = \dfrac{8,1}{27} = 0,3(mol)$

$n_{O_2} = \dfrac{13,44}{22,4} = 0,6(mol)$

Ta thấy : 

$n_{Al} : 4 < n_{O_2} : 3$ nên $O_2$ dư

$n_{O_2\ pư} = \dfrac{3}{4}n_{Al} = 0,4(mol)$
$m_{O_2\ dư} = (0,6 - 0,4).32 = 6,4(gam)$

c) $n_{Al_2O_3} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al} = 0,15(mol)$
$m_{Al_2O_3} = 0,15.102 = 15,3(gam)$

\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2H_2O\)

bđ       0,3      0,4

pư       0,3      0,15 

sau pư 0       0,25    0,3

=> H₂ hết, O₂ dư

\(m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,25.32=8\left(g\right)\)

b) \(A_{H_2O}=0,3.6.10^{23}=1,8.10^{23}\left(phân.tử\right)\)

c) \(m_{O_2\left(pư\right)}=0,15.32=4,8\left(g\right)\)

PTHH: \(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)

            0,3<-------------------------------------0,15

\(\rightarrow m_{KMnO_4}=0,3.158=47,4\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl₂ + H₂

                                    0,1<--0,1

=> m_ZnCl2 = 0,1.136 = 13,6 (g)

nP=\(\dfrac{62}{31}\)=0,2(mol)

nO2=\(\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}\)=0,35(mol)

PTHH:4P+5O2to→2P2O5

tpứ:    0,2     0,35     

pứ:     0,2     0,25     0,1

spứ:     0     0,1         0,1

a)chất còn dư là oxi

mO2dư=0,1.32=3,2(g)

b)mP2O5=n.M=0,1.142=14,2(g)

\(a.n_P=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=0,35\left(mol\right)\\ 4P+5O_2-^{t^o}\rightarrow2P_2O_5\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,2}{4}< \dfrac{0,35}{5}\\ \Rightarrow SauphảnứngO_2dư\\ n_{O_2\left(pứ\right)}=\dfrac{5}{4}n_P=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{P\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,35-0,25\right).32=3,2\left(g\right)\\ b.n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_P=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=0,1.142=14,2\left(g\right)\)

a) n\(_P\) = \(\dfrac{6,2}{31}\) = 0,2(mol); n\(_{O_2}\) = \(\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}\) = 0,35(mol).

Theo phương trình hóa học:

\(4P+5O_2\) \(\underrightarrow{t^o}\) \(2P_2O_5\)

4        5          2 (mol)

0,2 \(\rightarrow\)0,25 \(\rightarrow\) 0,1(mol)

Tỉ lệ số mol: \(\dfrac{0,2}{4}< \dfrac{0,35}{5}\) \(\Rightarrow\) \(O_2\) phản ứng dư, P phản ứng hết.

\(n_{O_2}\)dư = 0,35 - \(\dfrac{0,2.5}{4}\) = 0,1(mol) \(\Rightarrow\) \(m_{O_2}\)dư = 0,1.32 = 3,2g

b) \(n_{P_2O_5}\) = 0,1.142 = 14,2g

\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{32}{64}=0,5\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Cu+O_2\rightarrow2CuO\\ TL:....2.....1.....2\\ BR:....0,2......0,1.....0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Vì \(\dfrac{n_{Cu}}{2}>\dfrac{n_{O_2}}{1}\) nên sau p/ứ Cu dư, O₂ hết

\(a,m_{CuO}=0,2\cdot80=16\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{HCl}=\dfrac{200\cdot14,6\%}{100\%}=29,2\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{29,2}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\\ TL:....1.....2.....1.....1\\ BR:....0,2.....0,4.....0,2.....0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Vì \(\dfrac{n_{CuO}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}\) nên sau p/ứ HCl dư, CuO hết

\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,8-0,4=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=14,6\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{CuCl_2}=0,2\cdot135=27\left(g\right)\\ m_{HCl}=0,4\cdot36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\\ m_{CuO}=16\left(g\right)\\ m_{H_2O}=0,2\cdot18=3,6\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{CuCl_2}}=16+14,6-3,6=27\left(g\right)\)

Vậy \(C\%_{dd_{CuCl_2}}=\dfrac{27}{200}\cdot100\%=13,5\%\)

a, \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{2}\), ta được Fe dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)

b, Fe dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{Fe\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=0,1-0,05=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=0,05.56=2,8\left(g\right)\)

c, \(n_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1}=0,5\left(M\right)\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH :

              \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

trc p/u : 0,1       0,1         

p/u :       0,05    0,1         0,05     0,05 

sau p/u: 0,05      0           0,05       0,05 

---> sau p/ư : Fe dư 

\(a,V_{H_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\) 

b, \(m_{Fedư}=0,05.56=2,8\left(g\right)\)

\(c,_{FeCl_2}=0,05.127=6,35\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddFeCl_2}=5,6+\left(0,1.36,5\right)-\left(0,05.1\right)=9,2\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{6,35}{9,2}.100\%\approx69\%\)

PTHH: \(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{O_2}=\dfrac{12,8}{32}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{3}< \dfrac{0,4}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Oxi còn dư, Fe p/ứ hết

\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,4-\dfrac{2}{15}=\dfrac{4}{15}\left(mol\right)\)

+) Theo PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2}{15}\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{1}{15}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{kk}=\dfrac{2}{15}\cdot22,4\cdot5\approx14,93\left(l\right)\\m_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{1}{15}\cdot232\approx15,47\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) 

a)

\(3Fe + 2O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} Fe_3O_4\)

b)

Ta có :

\(n_{Fe} = \dfrac{8,4}{56} = 0,15(mol)\\ n_{O_2} = \dfrac{96}{32} = 3(mol)\)

Ta thấy : \(\dfrac{n_{Fe}}{3} = 0,05 < \dfrac{n_{O_2}}{2} = 1,5\) do đó O₂ dư.

Theo PTHH :

\(n_{O_2\ pư} = \dfrac{2}{3}n_{Fe} = 0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{O_2\ dư} = 3 - 0,1 = 2,9(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{O_2\ dư} = 92,8(gam)\)

c)

\(n_{Fe_3O_4} = \dfrac{1}{3}n_{Fe} = 0,05(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe_3O_4} = 0,05.232 = 11,6(gam)\)

\(a)PTHH:FeCl_3+2O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Fe_3O_4\)

mol                 1          2              1

mol

\(b)\)Số mol \(FeCl_3\) là: \(n_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{m_{FeCl_3}}{M_{FeCl_3}}=\dfrac{8,4}{162,5}=0,052\left(mol\right)\)

Số mol \(O_2\) là: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{m_{O_2}}{M_{O_2}}=\dfrac{96}{32}=3\left(mol\right)\)

Lập tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{1}{0,052}>\dfrac{2}{3}\Rightarrow FeCl_3dư\)

Số mol \(FeCl_3\) phản ứng là:

Từ PTHH\(\Rightarrow\) \(n_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{0,052\times3}{3}=0,035\left(mol\right)\)

Số mol \(FeCl_3\) dư là: \(n_{FeCl_3dư}=n_{FeCl_3đầu}-n_{FeCl_3p/ứng}=0,052-0,035=0,018\left(mol\right)\)

Khối lượng \(FeCl_3\) dư là: \(m_{FeCl_3dư}=n_{FeCl_3dư}\times M_{FeCl_3}=0,018\times162,5=2,925\left(g\right)\)